Discussion
If a beam is likely to fail due to high bending stresses, then its bond strength can be increased most economically by:
Answer: C
The most economical way is using smaller diameter bars in greater numbers.
Bond resistance depends on the surface area of steel in contact with concrete. For the same total area of steel, many small bars have a much larger total perimeter than a few large ones (perimeter grows with diameter, area with its square), so the bond stress per unit length falls without adding any steel.
Vertical stirrups resist shear, not bond. Increasing the beam depth costs more concrete and steel. Using larger bars in fewer numbers reduces the total perimeter and makes bond worse.
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