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Soil is usually sterilised in the laboratory by

  • A.Boiling in an open pan for a minute or two
  • B.Air drying in direct sunlight for a day
  • C.Freezing overnight and thawing in the morning
  • D.Autoclaving at 121 degrees Celsius under pressure

Answer: D

Bacterial endospores survive boiling, drying and freezing, so only moist heat under pressure reliably destroys them. Soil is commonly autoclaved more than once with intervals between, so that spores which germinate after the first cycle are killed in the next.

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