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If one person can be made better off without making any other person worse off, it is called ............... .

  • A.Maximum social welfare
  • B.Pareto efficiency
  • C.Pareto improvement
  • D.Interpersonal comparison of utility

Answer: C

It is called a Pareto improvement.

A Pareto improvement is a change that makes at least one person better off and nobody worse off. Pareto efficiency (optimality) is the state where no such improvement remains: nobody can be made better off without making someone worse off.

So the described move is an improvement, not efficiency itself. Maximum social welfare needs a social welfare function, and interpersonal comparison of utility is exactly what the Pareto criterion avoids.

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