Discussion
What is a quarter wave transformer used for in a patch feed?
Answer: A
A quarter wavelength of line whose impedance is the geometric mean transforms the two or three hundred ohms at the radiating edge down to the fifty ohms of the feed system, and it is entirely planar. It is narrowband, since the quarter wave condition holds at one frequency, which suits a patch that is narrowband anyway. Polarisation, isolation and bandwidth extension are achieved by other means. It is the same transformer used throughout microwave circuit design, applied here at the antenna port.
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