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What happens to a handset antenna when a hand covers it?

  • A.It radiates more efficiently because the hand acts as a ground plane
  • B.It is unaffected because the case shields it from the surrounding tissue
  • C.Its polarisation rotates to follow the orientation of the hand
  • D.It detunes and loses efficiency

Answer: D

Tissue is a lossy dielectric close to the radiating structure, so it shifts the resonance and absorbs a substantial fraction of the power, and losses of several decibels are common. Designs are evaluated with standardised hand and head phantoms for this reason. A hand is a poor ground plane and a good absorber, the plastic case provides no shielding at all, and polarisation is set by the current direction. Anything within a fraction of a wavelength becomes part of the antenna, and a hand is no exception.

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