Discussion
What is the nuclear Overhauser effect?
Answer: B
Saturating one nucleus perturbs the populations of another close in space through dipolar relaxation, so the intensity of the second changes, positively for small molecules. Because the effect falls off as the inverse sixth power of distance it is short range and gives genuine geometric information, which is what makes NOESY central to structure determination. It does not move peaks or split them, and it is quite distinct from exchange broadening. It is also the reason a proton decoupled carbon spectrum is more intense than the decoupling alone would explain.
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