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What does an excess noise ratio describe?

  • A.The ratio of shot to thermal noise in a device
  • B.The margin between a signal and the noise floor
  • C.A noise source's output above thermal
  • D.The degradation a receiver stage causes

Answer: C

It describes how far a calibrated noise source exceeds the thermal noise of a resistor at the reference temperature, and it is the known quantity in a Y-factor measurement. Receiver degradation is the noise figure. The shot-to-thermal ratio is a device characteristic without a standard name. And the signal margin is the signal-to-noise ratio. Instrument specifications and system specifications use different vocabularies for related ideas, which is worth keeping straight.

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