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An engine is tested on a bed and meets its thrust guarantee exactly. Fitted to the aircraft with its nacelle and supplying cabin bleed, it falls a few per cent short.

Where has the thrust gone?

  • A.Into the reverser mechanism
  • B.Into increased jet noise
  • C.Into spillage drag, nacelle drag and airframe offtakes
  • D.Into a deterioration of the engine itself

Answer: C

A test bed measures the bare engine under controlled conditions, while installed operation must also pay for the nacelle and for the air and power the aircraft takes. Performance guarantees account for that difference explicitly.

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