Discussion
Removing phospholipids from crude oil by hydrating them and centrifuging is called _____.
Answer: A
Correct answer: degumming
Degumming is the hydration step. Water is mixed into the warm crude oil so that the hydratable phosphatides swell, become insoluble in the oil, and separate as a distinct phase that a centrifuge can throw out.
It comes first in the refinery because the gums would otherwise foul later stages and darken the oil during deodorisation, and because the recovered stream is saleable as lecithin. Bleaching removes colour with adsorbent earth, winterisation removes waxes by chilling, and deodorisation strips volatiles under vacuum - three later steps with three different mechanisms.
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