Discussion
The phenomenon of splitting of light into its component colours is known as
Answer: A
The splitting of light into its component colours is dispersion.
When white light passes through a prism, each colour is refracted by a different amount because the refractive index of glass depends on wavelength. Violet bends most and red least, so the light spreads into a spectrum, as Newton showed.
Reflection is the bouncing of light from a surface, refraction is its bending on passing between media (the cause of dispersion, but not the splitting itself), and scattering is its redirection by small particles, which makes the sky blue.
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