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What is an ion selective field effect transistor pH sensor?

  • A.A conductivity cell used to infer pH from ionic strength
  • B.A reference electrode built into a semiconductor package
  • C.A transistor whose gate insulator responds to hydrogen ions
  • D.A glass electrode with a transistor amplifier in the handle

Answer: C

In an ISFET the metal gate of a field effect transistor is replaced by an ion sensitive insulator in contact with the solution, and the surface potential modulates the drain current directly. It is rugged, needs no glass bulb, can be made very small and does not have to be kept wet, which suits food, skin and field measurements. It still needs a reference electrode and still requires calibration, and its drift is generally worse than good glass, so it complements rather than replaces the classical electrode.

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