Discussion
The principal reason compiler construction is taught as a structured sequence of phases is that
Answer: A
Correct answer: the decomposition makes a large translation problem tractable
Translating a high-level language to machine code is too large a problem to attack whole. Dividing it into phases with defined inputs and outputs lets each be designed, implemented and tested on its own.
It also creates the interfaces that make front ends and back ends interchangeable. The structure is an engineering convention, not a legal requirement or a standard's prescription, and real compilers merge phases into passes freely - the logical division survives the physical one.
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