Discussion
One of the earliest thinkers to give detailed attention to the problem of inequality in modern civilization was :
Answer: C
The thinker is J.J. Rousseau.
Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men (1755) is one of the earliest sustained studies of inequality in civilised society. He argued that natural inequalities are slight and that the great inequalities of wealth and power arise with private property and the institutions of civil society.
Proudhon (What is Property?, 1840), Tocqueville (Democracy in America, 1835-40) and Marx all wrote on inequality later, in the 19th century, so none is among the earliest.
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