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Pick the correct match:

  • A.UN Decade of Healthy Ageing : 2025-2035
  • B.'Positive checks' according to the Malthusian perspective on population growth: Warfare, famine, diseases
  • C.Criteria of defining a settlement as urban as per last Indian Census: At least 50 percent of total working population should be engaged in non-agricultural activities
  • D.Countries recently downgraded by World Bank from 'Upper -middle income' countries to 'Lower-middle income' contries: Russia, Bulgaria and Palau

Answer: B

The correct match is the Malthusian positive checks: warfare, famine and diseases.

Malthus argued that population tends to outgrow food supply and is held back by preventive checks, which lower births (such as late marriage), and positive checks, which raise deaths: war, famine and disease.

The others are wrong. The UN Decade of Healthy Ageing is 2021-2030. The Census defines an urban settlement by a population of at least 5,000, a density of 400 per sq km and at least 75% of the male working population in non-agricultural work. And in the World Bank's 2024 classification Russia, Bulgaria and Palau moved up to high income, not down.

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