Discussion
A grain has a true density of \( 1350 \) kg/m\(^3\) and a bulk density of \( 780 \) kg/m\(^3\). Its porosity is
Answer: C
Correct answer: 42.2 per cent
Porosity is one minus the solid fraction:
\[ \varepsilon = 1 - \frac{\rho_b}{\rho_t} = 1 - \frac{780}{1350} \]
\[ \frac{780}{1350} = 0.5778 \qquad \varepsilon = 0.4222 = 42.2\% \]
The distractor 57.8 per cent is the solid fraction itself, and 26.9 per cent comes from mistakenly dividing the density difference by the true density in the wrong sense. A value near 42 per cent is entirely typical of a cereal lot, and it is that void space which carries the aeration air.
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