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Which known deficiency does quasi-geostrophic theory have at fronts?

  • A.Fronts do not collapse to sharp gradients
  • B.Fronts form far too rapidly so that the model produces a discontinuity within only a few hours of forcing
  • C.Fronts move in the wrong direction
  • D.Fronts appear at the wrong level, forming near the tropopause rather than close to the surface below

Answer: A

Because advection is by the geostrophic wind alone, the ageostrophic contribution that actually completes the collapse is missing, so quasi-geostrophic frontogenesis is far too gentle. Semi-geostrophic theory, which advects by the geostrophic momentum, repairs this and gives frontal collapse in finite time. The failure is a matter of intensity rather than of position or direction. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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