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According to James, the tenability of a thesis is determined through experiential consequences that are :

  • A.narrower than observation
  • B.limited to observation
  • C.wider than observation
  • D.removed from observation

Answer: C

The keyed answer is wider than observation.

For William James, the meaning and truth of a thesis lie in the difference it makes in experience. Those experiential consequences include not only what can be observed through the senses but also effects on conduct, expectation, feeling and the satisfactory working of our beliefs as a whole; James's radical empiricism counts relations and inner experience as part of experience too.

Saying the consequences are limited to or narrower than observation would reduce pragmatism to a narrow verificationism, which James did not hold. Consequences removed from observation altogether would cut the link with experience on which his pragmatism rests.

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