Discussion
Assertion (A) : Literature review helps in understanding past trends in research.
Reason (R) : Literature review synthesizes past research.
Answer: A
Both (A) and (R) are true.
A literature review surveys and synthesises the previous research on a topic: what has been studied, by what methods, with what findings, and where the gaps lie (R). By doing so it shows how research on the topic has developed and what the trends have been (A).
Both statements are true, and R in fact explains A: it is because a review synthesises past research that it reveals past trends. The options calling either statement false are therefore wrong.
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