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Foundation strengthening in a retrofit is most often required when

  • A.new walls or braces deliver large overturning forces
  • B.the mass of the building has been reduced by the removal of finishes and partitions
  • C.the retrofit has been confined to the anchorage of non-structural elements
  • D.fibre wrapping has been applied to the columns of the ground storey

Answer: A

A new lateral element concentrates a large moment and a large shear at its base, and the existing footing was proportioned for gravity load alone. Underpinning, new pile caps or a tie into a raft are the measures normally needed.

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