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Let \(f : [0, 1] \to \mathbf{R}\) be continuous and \(\int_{0}^{x} f = \int_{x}^{1} f\) for all \(x \in [0, 1]\). Then :

  • A.\(f\) is strictly monotonic
  • B.\(f\) is constant
  • C.\(f(t) = t\) for all \(t \in [0, 1]\)
  • D.\(f(t) = t^{2}\) for all \(t \in [0, 1]\)

Answer: B

\(f\) is constant (in fact identically zero).

Write \(F(x) = \int_{0}^{x} f\) and \(I = \int_{0}^{1} f\). The condition says \(F(x) = I - F(x)\), so \(F(x) = I/2\) for every \(x\). Putting \(x = 0\) gives \(I/2 = F(0) = 0\), so \(F \equiv 0\).

Since \(f\) is continuous, \(F' = f\) by the fundamental theorem of calculus, so \(f \equiv 0\), a constant function.

\(f(t) = t\) fails: \(\int_{0}^{x} t\,dt = x^{2}/2\) but \(\int_{x}^{1} t\,dt = (1 - x^{2})/2\). \(t^{2}\) fails likewise, and a strictly monotonic function cannot be identically zero.

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