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Which one of the following cases is not directly related to Article 21 and provision of right to life in the Indian Constitution?

  • A.A.K. Gopalan Vs. State of Madras
  • B.Menaka Gandhi Vs. Union of India
  • C.Express News papers Vs. Union of India
  • D.Pavement Dwellers Case

Answer: C

The case not directly related to Article 21 is Express Newspapers Vs. Union of India.

Express Newspapers v. Union of India (1958) concerned the Working Journalists Act and the freedom of the press under Article 19(1)(a), together with the freedom of trade under Article 19(1)(g).

The other three are landmark Article 21 cases. A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950) gave 'procedure established by law' a narrow reading. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) held that the procedure must be just, fair and reasonable. Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Pavement Dwellers case, held that the right to life includes the right to livelihood.

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