Discussion
Three components are recorded at a seismic station in order to capture motion
Answer: B
Correct answer: in two horizontal directions and the vertical
Ground motion is a vector, and three orthogonal components are needed to describe it completely - conventionally north-south, east-west and vertical. The three together also allow the particle motion to be reconstructed, which helps identify phases and estimate the direction of approach. Separating P, S and surface waves is done by their arrival times and character, not by using a different instrument for each.
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