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Ground shaking is the principal cause of earthquake damage, the others including

  • A.chemical attack on foundation concrete
  • B.long-term settlement under service loads
  • C.liquefaction, landslides, fire and tsunami
  • D.wind loading and rainfall on damaged roofs

Answer: C

Correct answer: liquefaction, landslides, fire and tsunami

Shaking causes most of the damage but it also triggers a series of secondary hazards, and in some events these dominate the losses. Saturated loose sand can liquefy and lose bearing capacity; slopes fail; ruptured gas mains and fallen power lines start fires that spread through a city with a broken water supply; and offshore, sea bed displacement generates a tsunami.

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