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A pre-envelope, or analytic signal, is constructed by

  • A.Squaring the signal and low-pass filtering
  • B.Multiplying the signal by a complex exponential
  • C.Differentiating the signal with respect to time
  • D.Adding j times the Hilbert transform to the signal

Answer: D

The construction is the signal plus \( j \) times its Hilbert transform, which cancels the negative-frequency half and leaves a complex signal whose magnitude is the envelope. Squaring and filtering is an envelope detector, which recovers the magnitude but not the analytic signal. Multiplying by a complex exponential shifts frequency, which is the next step towards a complex envelope rather than this one. And differentiation is unrelated.

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