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What is the critical frequency of an ionospheric layer?

  • A.The highest frequency reflected at vertical incidence
  • B.The frequency at which the layer absorbs most strongly
  • C.The frequency at which the layer becomes electrically neutral
  • D.The lowest frequency that will penetrate the layer completely

Answer: A

The critical frequency is the highest frequency returned when the wave is sent straight up, and it is set directly by the peak electron density of the layer. Above it a vertical wave escapes into space. Oblique incidence raises the usable frequency well above it, which is what makes long distance working possible at all. Absorption and neutrality are separate matters. One measured number, the critical frequency, summarises the layer's refracting capability.

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