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What is the secant law used for?

  • A.Calculating the absorption suffered by a wave in the D layer
  • B.Finding the virtual height of a layer from an ionogram trace
  • C.Determining the skip distance from the transmitted power
  • D.Relating oblique maximum usable frequency to the critical frequency

Answer: D

The secant law states that the oblique frequency returned equals the critical frequency multiplied by the secant of the angle of incidence at the layer, so a shallow angle allows a much higher frequency than vertical incidence would. A factor of three or four is typical for a long single hop. Absorption, virtual height and skip distance are computed by other means. This one relation is what turns a modest critical frequency into a usable high frequency circuit.

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