Discussion
Why do polar routes need alternative communication arrangements?
Answer: C
Both reasons in fact apply: geostationary satellites sit low on or below the horizon at high latitude, and high frequency circuits are the ones most affected by polar cap absorption, so the alternatives fail together. That is why polar operations are curtailed during major solar events. The ionosphere does support propagation there under quiet conditions, and equipment temperature is a solved problem. Two independent systems that fail for related reasons is exactly the situation contingency planning exists for.
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