Discussion
Assertion (A) : Societies having particularism and ascription as basic features are traditional societies.
Reason (R) : Parson's scheme of pattern variables can not be applied to appraise modern-tradition polarity.
Answer: C
The key's answer is that (A) is true, but (R) is false.
The assertion matches Parsons's pattern variables. Traditional societies are characterised by particularism (treating people according to their particular relationship to oneself) and ascription (judging people by inherited qualities), while modern societies are characterised by universalism and achievement.
That is exactly why the reason is false. The pattern variables were designed to, and widely were used to, appraise the contrast between tradition and modernity, for example in modernisation theory and in Indian studies of social change. Saying they cannot be applied to the modern-tradition polarity reverses their purpose, so options treating (R) as true are wrong.
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