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How can a specular ground reflection be avoided on a link?

  • A.Use a lower frequency so that the reflection coefficient is smaller
  • B.Point the antennas slightly upward to miss the ground entirely
  • C.Choose antenna heights so the reflection point falls on rough terrain
  • D.Increase the transmitter power until the fade is no longer significant

Answer: C

The geometry fixes where the reflection occurs, so adjusting the antenna heights can move that point onto broken ground, vegetation or a screening ridge where no coherent reflection forms. Space diversity is the alternative. Power cannot fill a cancellation null, lower frequencies reflect at least as strongly, and tilting the antennas costs gain on the direct path without removing the reflected one. Moving a problem to where it does not matter is often cheaper than fighting it.

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