Discussion
Which region does ultraviolet-visible absorption probe?
Answer: C
Ultraviolet and visible photons carry enough energy to promote electrons between molecular orbitals, which is why coloured compounds and conjugated systems absorb there. Vibrational transitions need infrared photons, rotational ones microwave, and nuclear spin transitions radio frequencies in a magnetic field. That each spectral region probes a different kind of motion, in order of the energy each requires, organises the whole of spectroscopy into one picture. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.
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