Discussion
Why does solvent polarity shift some absorption bands?
Answer: D
A polar solvent stabilises whichever state has the larger dipole moment more, so the gap between them changes and the band moves. Path length is set by the cell, refractive index affects reflection rather than the transition energy, and chemical reaction is a separate problem. Because the direction of the shift reveals which state is the more polar, solvent studies are used to identify the kind of transition involved. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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