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If Y is dependent and X2 and X3 are independent variables, then r12.3 measures the following :

  • A.Correlation between Y and X\(_{2}\)
  • B.Correlation between X\(_{2}\) and X\(_{3}\)
  • C.Partial Correlation between Y and X\(_{3}\)
  • D.Partial Correlation between Y and X\(_{2}\)

Answer: D

\(r_{12.3}\) measures the partial correlation between Y and X2.

With Y labelled 1, X2 labelled 2 and X3 labelled 3, the subscripts before the dot name the two variables being correlated, and those after the dot are held constant. So \(r_{12.3}\) is the correlation between Y and X2 after removing the linear influence of X3 from both.

The simple correlation between Y and X2 is \(r_{12}\), without the dot. The partial correlation between Y and X3 would be \(r_{13.2}\), and X2 with X3 would be \(r_{23}\).

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