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Tsunami forces on a building include

  • A.wind loading from the storm accompanying the wave
  • B.seismic shaking transmitted through the foundations
  • C.hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, debris impact and buoyancy effects
  • D.hydrostatic pressure acting on the walls and nothing else besides

Answer: C

Correct answer: hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, debris impact and buoyancy effects

A tsunami loads a building four ways at once: hydrostatic pressure from the standing water, hydrodynamic drag from the flow, impact from vehicles, containers and timber carried in the flow, and buoyancy lifting a structure whose enclosed volume is not flooded. Designing for hydrostatic pressure alone badly understates the demand, and debris impact is often the component that actually destroys the building.

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