Discussion
Isotropic pressure at depth in the Earth arising from the overlying rock column :
Answer: A
It is lithostatic stress.
Lithostatic stress, or lithostatic pressure, is the pressure at a depth due to the weight of the overlying rock, \(P = \rho g h\). Rocks at depth over long periods cannot sustain large differential stresses, so this pressure is taken to act equally in all directions, like hydrostatic pressure in a fluid; it rises by about 27 MPa per km in the crust.
Normal stress is the component of stress acting perpendicular to any plane, not specifically the weight of overlying rock. Homogeneous stress means stress that is the same throughout a body. 'Isotropic stress' describes a state equal in all directions but does not say what causes it; the specific term for the pressure from the overlying column is lithostatic.
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