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Left recursion in a grammar is a problem for

  • A.bottom-up parsers, which cannot reduce a left recursive rule
  • B.the scanner, which cannot tokenise left recursive constructs
  • C.the type checker, which is unable to handle the construct
  • D.top-down parsers, which would recurse without consuming input

Answer: D

Correct answer: top-down parsers, which would recurse without consuming input

A top-down parser expanding A by the production A → Aα immediately faces A again with no token consumed, so it recurses forever. A bottom-up parser has no such difficulty and in fact prefers left recursion, since it keeps the stack shallow.

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