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Match each grammar defect with the transformation that addresses it.
List I
A. left recursion
B. common prefix in alternatives
C. two parse trees for one sentence
D. nonterminal deriving no terminal string
List II
1. rewriting to remove ambiguity
2. recursion elimination
3. removal of useless symbols
4. left factoring

  • A.A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
  • B.A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
  • C.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • D.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Answer: D

Each defect blocks a different aspect of parsing. Recognising which transformation applies is the routine first step in preparing any grammar for a parser generator. Most generators report the defect precisely enough to identify the offending rule.

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