Discussion
What is the maximum size of data that the application layer can pass on to the TCP layer below ?
Answer: A
The application layer can pass data of any size.
TCP provides a byte stream. The application hands it data of whatever length it likes, and TCP itself divides the stream into segments that fit the network, numbering the bytes so the receiver can reassemble them in order.
The 2^16 limits belong to the length fields of a single IP datagram or UDP datagram, not to what an application may pass to TCP, and 1500 bytes is the usual Ethernet MTU, a link-layer limit.
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