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Which configuration favours surface development in Sutcliffe's theory?

  • A.A surface low lying directly beneath the axis of the upper level ridge at the same longitude as it
  • B.A barotropic atmosphere
  • C.A region in which the thickness contours run parallel to the surface isobars throughout the whole area
  • D.A surface low beneath positive thermal vorticity advection

Answer: D

Development occurs where the thermal steering carries positive vorticity over the surface system, which in practice means a surface low downstream of an upper trough within a strong thermal gradient. A barotropic atmosphere permits no development at all, and thickness contours parallel to isobars indicate no thermal advection. The theory is essentially a practical rendering of the omega equation.

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