Discussion
Which feature of the thermal wind relation makes it applicable to other planets?
Answer: A
The derivation uses geostrophic balance, which needs rotation, and hydrostatic balance, which needs gravity, together with the gas law relating density to temperature. Nothing else is required, so the relation applies to any rotating planetary atmosphere. The gas constant appears in the coefficient but changes nothing structural, and neither oceans nor a particular vertical temperature structure is needed for the relation to hold. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.
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