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Which measurement does a planimeter make on such a diagram?

  • A.The lapse rate
  • B.The height of the tropopause, determined from the level at which the temperature curve changes its slope
  • C.The area enclosed between two curves
  • D.The temperature at a chosen pressure level, read directly from the intersection of the curve with the isobar

Answer: C

A planimeter traces the boundary of a region and reports its area, which on an area preserving diagram converts directly to energy per unit mass. Before computers this was how convective available potential energy was obtained from a plotted ascent. The technique is obsolete operationally but explains why the area property was considered so important when the diagrams were designed. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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