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Discussion

A solid shaft and a thin tube of the same material and weight are compared. The tube's torsional stiffness is

  • A.Considerably smaller
  • B.Identical
  • C.Exactly half
  • D.Considerably greater

Answer: D

Weight fixes the material area, and the tube places all of it at a large radius where it contributes most to the polar second moment. The stiffness gain can be several fold, which is why drive shafts and control rods are almost always tubular.

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