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Assertion (A): Wind-tunnel models are often tested both upright and inverted.

Reason (R): Inverting the model reverses the sign of the flow angularity error while leaving the true forces unchanged.

Select the correct answer from the options below.

  • A.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C.A is true but R is false
  • D.A is false but R is true

Answer: A

Both are true and the second explains the first. Averaging the two runs cancels the angularity contribution, and a difference between them is itself a warning that something in the setup needs attention. Half a degree of misalignment can bias drag by ten per cent or more.

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