Discussion
The term 'Vertical Proliferation' of nuclear weapons refers to ............. .
Answer: A
Vertical proliferation is the phenomenon of countries increasing and modernising their nuclear weapons and delivery platforms.
Proliferation is divided into two kinds. Vertical proliferation is growth within existing nuclear powers: more warheads, better warheads and new delivery systems, as in the US-Soviet arms race. Horizontal proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons to states that did not have them before.
The second option therefore describes horizontal, not vertical, proliferation. Countries reducing their arsenals is disarmament or arms reduction, the opposite of proliferation, and 'None of the above' fails because the first option fits.
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