Antibodies are complex
Answer: D
Correct answer: Glycoproteins
Antibodies are glycoproteins: polypeptide chains with carbohydrate attached. They are not lipoproteins, and steroids and prostaglandins are lipid molecules altogether - far too small to carry the two identical binding sites an antibody needs.
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Antibodies are formed by
Answer: D
Correct answer: B-cells
B cells make antibody - each with the same specificity as the receptor that first bound the antigen. On activation they divide and mature into plasma cells, which do the actual secreting. T cells direct the response but secrete no antibody; monocytes and phagocytes engulf.
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Which of the following is correctly matched?
Answer: A
Correct answer: National Institute of Virology – Pune
The National Institute of Virology is at Pune. The others are misplaced: the National Centre for Disease Control (formerly the National Institute of Communicable Diseases) is in Delhi, the Central Drug Research Institute is at Lucknow, and the National Institute of Nutrition is at Hyderabad.
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Antibodies are produced by
Answer: C
Correct answer: Plasma cells
Plasma cells are activated B cells that have turned into antibody factories: an expanded endoplasmic reticulum and an output of thousands of molecules a second, all of one specificity. Histiocytes are tissue macrophages, mast cells release inflammatory mediators, and fibroblasts make connective tissue.
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Antibodies belong to which class of proteins?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Immunoglobulin
Antibodies are the immunoglobulins - the class of proteins defined by the fold that gives them their antigen-binding sites, and divided into IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD. They are neither structural, nor transport proteins, nor enzymes: they work by binding, not by catalysing.
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Commercially available ELISA kits are used for the detection of
Answer: D
Correct answer: all of these
ELISA is a general method - an antibody or antigen fixed to a plate, and an enzyme-linked partner whose colour change reports binding - so a kit can be built for almost any target. Commercial kits exist for rotavirus antigen in stool, for hepatitis B surface antigen, and for anti-HIV antibodies, the last being the standard screening test.
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