Malaria is caused by
Answer: A
Correct answer: Protozoa
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. Because the parasite is a eukaryote, antibacterial antibiotics are useless against it and antimalarial drugs are needed.
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Penicillium is a
Answer: B
Correct answer: Fungus
Penicillium is a mould, that is a filamentous fungus - the blue-green growth seen on stale bread and citrus fruit. Fleming’s observation that it killed the bacteria around it led to penicillin.
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Microorganisms are
Answer: B
Correct answer: Both
Microorganisms are simply organisms too small to see with the naked eye, and that includes both kinds. Most - bacteria, protozoa, yeasts - are unicellular, but many moulds and algae are multicellular, with filaments of many cells. Size, not cell number, is what defines the category.
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Which of the following is a disease caused by protozoans?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Malaria
Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium. Tuberculosis and typhoid are bacterial, and polio is viral.
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Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacteria?
Answer: B
Correct answer: Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chicken pox and polio are viral, and dengue is a virus carried by Aedes mosquitoes.
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Some plants have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. What are these bacteria called?
Answer: D
Correct answer: Rhizobium
Rhizobium is the nodule-forming symbiont of legumes. Azotobacter fixes nitrogen too, but free-living in the soil rather than in nodules; Nitrosomonas oxidises ammonia rather than fixing nitrogen.
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In order to take precautionary steps to control dengue, we must take measures to stop the breeding of:
Answer: A
Correct answer: Aedes mosquito
Dengue is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, which breeds in small collections of clean water - tyres, pots, coolers, roof gutters - and bites by day. Control therefore means emptying such containers rather than spraying open water. Anopheles carries malaria.
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Partial sterilization of a product such as milk at a high temperature is known as:
Answer: A
Correct answer: Pasteurization
Pasteurisation heats milk briefly - about 72°C for 15 seconds, then rapid cooling - which kills the pathogens and most spoilage organisms without curdling the milk or spoiling its flavour. It is partial sterilisation: some harmless organisms survive, which is why pasteurised milk still needs refrigeration.
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Living organisms which are invisible to the naked eye are called _________ .
Answer: C
Correct answer: Microorganisms
Organisms too small to be seen without a microscope are microorganisms - bacteria, protozoa, many algae and fungi, and viruses. The category is defined by size alone, so it contains organisms of quite unrelated kinds.
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Which of the following is a communicable disease?
Answer: B
Correct answer: Chicken pox
A communicable disease is one that spreads from person to person, and chicken pox does so readily - through droplets and through contact with the rash. Diabetes, Alzheimer’s and cancer are not caused by transmissible agents.
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