The assault on the purity of the environment is the price that we pay for many of the benefits of modern technology. For the advantage of automotive transportation we pay a price in smog-induced diseases; for the powerful effects of new insecticides, we pay a price in dwindling wildlife and disturbances in the relation of living things and their surroundings; for nuclear power, we risk the biological hazards of radiation. By increasing agricultural production with fertilizers, we worsen water pollution.
The highly developed nations of the world are not only the immediate beneficiaries of the good that technology can do, they are also the first victims of environmental diseases that technology breeds. In the past, the environmental effects which accompanied technological progress were restricted to a small area and a relatively short time. The new hazards are neither local nor brief. Modern air pollution covers vast areas of continents: Radioactive fallout from the nuclear explosion is worldwide. Radioactive pollutants now on the earth surface will be found there for generations, and in case of Carbon-14, for thousands of years.
The harmful effects of modern technology are
Answer: B
Correct answer: widespread and long-lasting
The passage contrasts the past, where effects were restricted to a small area and a relatively short time, with the present, where the new hazards are neither local nor brief. Both halves of that denial must be carried into the answer, which rules out the options keeping either the limit or the brevity.
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Radioactive pollutants
Answer: C
Correct answer: will be on the surface of earth for a very long time
The passage says radioactive pollutants now on the earth surface will be found there for generations, and in the case of Carbon-14, for thousands of years. The thousands of years belong specifically to Carbon-14, which is why the option applying them to the atmosphere overstates the text.
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There was a marked difference of quality between the personages who haunted near bridge of brick and the personages who haunted the far one of stone. Those of lowest character preferred the former, adjoining the town; they did not mind the glare of the public eye. they had been of no account during their successes; and though they might feel dispirited, they had no sense of shame in their ruin. Instead of sighing at their adversities they spat, and instead of saying the iron had entered into their souls they said they were down in their luck.The miserables who would pause on the remoter bridge of a politer stamp - persons who did not know how to get rid of the weary time. The eyes of this species were mostly directed over the parapet upon the running water below. While one on the town ward bridge did not mind who saw him so, and kept his back to the parapet to survey the passer-by, one on this never faced the road, never turned his head at coming foot-steps, but, sensitive on his own condition, watched the current whenever a stranger approached, as if some strange fish interested him, though every finned thing had been poached out of the rivers years before.
In this passage the author is trying to
Answer: D
Correct answer: describe how people of different classes behaved when unhappy
The passage sets two groups of unhappy people side by side and contrasts what each does: the lowly spit, keep their backs to the parapet and stare at passers-by; the genteel face the water and never turn at a footstep. The bridges are the setting for that contrast, not its subject.
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People belonging to lower strata in their moments of distress
Answer: C
Correct answer: visited the brick made bridge
The passage says those of lowest character preferred the former, the bridge of brick adjoining the town, because they did not mind the glare of the public eye. The passage adds explicitly that they had no sense of shame in their ruin, which rules out the option about feeling ashamed.
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The attitude of lowly and genteel towards strangers was
Answer: B
Correct answer: entirely different
The two are described by direct opposition: the man on the town bridge did not mind who saw him and kept his back to the parapet to survey the passers-by, while the man on the far bridge never faced the road, never turned his head at coming foot-steps. One courts the stranger's eye and the other hides from it.
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The bridge of stone was frequented by
Answer: C
Correct answer: the sophisticated but luckless
The passage calls those who paused on the remoter stone bridge of a politer stamp - persons who did not know how to get rid of the weary time. They are refined and also wretched, which is the pairing the answer must keep. The fish detail is a pretence, since every finned thing had been poached out of the rivers years before.
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The two bridges were known
Answer: D
Correct answer: for attracting dejected people to them
Both bridges are described as haunted by the miserable, and every figure on either of them is in some kind of ruin or weariness. The passage marks the difference between the two sets of visitors, but what the bridges have in common is the unhappiness that brings them there.
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Nationalism, of course, is a curious phenomenon which at a certain stage in a country's history gives life, growth and unity but, at the same time, it has a tendency to limit one, because one thinks of one's country as something different from the rest of world. One's perceptive changes and one is continuously thinking of one's own struggles and virtues and failing to the exclusion of other thoughts. The result is that the same nationalism which is the symbol of growth for a people becomes a symbol of the cessation of that growth in mind. Nationalism, when it becomes successful sometimes goes on spreading in an aggressive way and becomes a danger internationally. Whatever line of thought you follow, you arrive at the conclusion that some kind of balance must be found. Otherwise something that was good can turn into evil. Culture, which is essentially good become not only static but aggressive and something that breeds conflict and hatred when looked at from a wrong point of view. How you are to find a balance, I don't know. Apart from the political and economic problems of the age , perhaps, that is the greatest problem today because behind it there is tremendous search for something which it cannot find. We turn to economic theories because they have an undoubted importance. It is folly to talk of culture or even of God when human beings starve and die. Before one can talk about anything else one must provide the normal essentials of life to human beings. That is where economics comes in. Human beings today are not in a mood to tolerate this suffering and starvation and inequality when they see that the burden is not equally shared. Others profit while they only bear the burden.
The greatest problem in the middle of the passage refers to the question
Answer: B
Correct answer: how to contain the dangers of aggressive nationalism.
The passage says nationalism gives life and unity but also limits, and that successful nationalism goes on spreading in an aggressive way and becomes a danger internationally; the conclusion drawn is that some kind of balance must be found, and the author then calls that the greatest problem. The problem is therefore how to keep nationalism from turning aggressive.
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Negative national feeling can make a nation
Answer: B
Correct answer: Self-centred
The passage says one comes to think of one's own country as something different from the rest of the world and to dwell continuously on one's own struggles and virtues to the exclusion of other thoughts. That is self-centredness - a narrowing of attention rather than mere selfishness, and the danger to others is named separately as aggression.
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Suitable title for this passage can be
Answer: C
Correct answer: Nationalism is not enough
The passage grants that nationalism gives life, growth and unity, and then argues that it turns into a limit, a check on growth of mind, and finally an international danger unless a balance is found. That is precisely the claim that it is necessary but insufficient; the other titles endorse it, deny it, or name a topic the passage does not treat.
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