Scientific psychology recognises ----( I )----truth that no two individuals are----( II )----in this world----( III )----equality is a fostered norm of civil society, the truth is that men----( IV )----unequals in----( V )----hues or degrees
Choose the best word in place of ( I ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: simple
The blank stands before truth that no two individuals are…, and a simple truth is the ordinary collocation for something obvious and unarguable. Clear and direct are used of statements rather than of truths, and a real truth is a redundancy.
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Choose the best word in place of ( II ) from the given passage
Answer: A
Correct answer: alike
The sentence says no two individuals are the same, and alike is the predicative adjective for that. Close would need to, liked is a different word entirely, and equal anticipates the sentence's own contrast with equality, which comes next.
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Choose the best word in place of ( III ) from the given passage
Answer: D
Correct answer: even though
The two halves of the sentence pull against each other: equality is the norm society fosters, yet men are in fact unequal. Only a concessive connective can join them, and even though is the one offered. When, since and as would make equality the cause or the occasion of inequality.
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Choose the best word in place of ( IV ) from the given passage
Answer: B
Correct answer: are
The subject is the plural men, and the sentence states a present, general truth, so the present plural are is required. Is fails to agree, and the past and future forms would take the claim out of the present.
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Choose the best word in place of ( V ) from the given passage
Answer: B
Correct answer: varying
Men are unequal to different extents, which is what varying hues or degrees says. High and total would fix a single level and so contradict degrees, and no would reverse the sentence.
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The Earth is one of the known planets that circle the sun. In -----( I )----- times, the men who studied the -----( II )----- noticed that while certain heavenly -----( III )----- seemed fixed in the sky, others seemed to -----( IV )----- about. The latter they named planets or wanderers -----( V )----- astronomers have discovered that the four planets, Jupiter, Saturn. Uranus -----( VI )----- Neptune, are surrounded by poisonous gases and are so ----( VII )------ that any living thing attempting to ----( VIII )------ on them would instantly be frozen to death. Of the five remaining -----( IX )----- Venus most closely ----( X )------ the Earth in size
Choose the best word in place of ( I ) from the given passage
Answer: D
Correct answer: ancient
The sentence describes the earliest observers, who named the wandering lights, and in ancient times is the fixed phrase for that distant past. Antique is used of objects, past does not collocate with times in this way, and modern reverses the sense - the passage saves that word for the astronomers who came later.
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Choose the best word in place of ( II ) from the given passage
Answer: A
Correct answer: stars
What early observers studied, and what the next clause calls heavenly bodies… fixed in the sky, are the stars. Sun and earth are single objects and would not explain the contrast between fixed and wandering lights.
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Choose the best word in place of ( III ) from the given passage
Answer: A
Correct answer: bodies
Heavenly bodies is the established term in astronomy, and the passage needs it because it must cover both the fixed stars and the wanderers. Objects, things and entities are all possible English but none forms the standing phrase.
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Choose the best word in place of ( IV ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: move
The wanderers are contrasted with what seemed fixed, and the very next clause explains the name planets or wanderers. Move about is the phrase that matches wandering; jump and run are too abrupt for slow drift across the sky, and roam about is a redundancy.
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Choose the best word in place of ( V ) from the given passage
Answer: C
Correct answer: modern
The sentence turns from the ancient observers to the astronomers who found out what the outer planets are made of, so the blank marks the shift to the present day. Future astronomers could not already have discovered anything, and new and upstart describe the astronomers rather than their era.
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