Which of the following products implemented the CODASYL DBTG model?
Answer: A
Correct answer: IDMS
IDMS implemented the CODASYL DBTG network model, the dominant pre-relational approach, in which records are linked by explicit sets and navigated pointer by pointer. It is still in use on mainframes. DB2 is relational; dBase-II and R:base were PC products.
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An Enterprise Resource Planning application is an example of a(n) ________ .
Answer: B
Correct answer: multiuser database application
An ERP system runs a whole organisation - finance, stock, payroll, orders - with many people working in it at once, so it is a multi-user application. That is what brings in concurrency control, locking and transaction management.
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A DBMS that combines a DBMS and an application generator is ________ .
Answer: B
Correct answer: Microsoft's Access
Access bundles a DBMS with an application generator: forms, reports, queries and macros in the same file as the data. That is what makes it convenient for a small application and unsuitable for an enterprise one, where the DBMS is a separate server and the application is built independently.
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You have run an SQL statement that asked the DBMS to display data in a table named USER_TABLES. The results include columns of data labeled "TableName," "NumberOfColumns" and "PrimaryKey." You are looking at ________.
Answer: B
Correct answer: metadata
USER_TABLES describes the structure of the database - table names, column counts, keys - not the data the organisation stores. That is metadata, kept in the system catalogue and queryable with ordinary SQL, which is exactly what makes a database self-describing.
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Which of the following is not considered to be a basic element of an enterprise-class database system?
Answer: D
Correct answer: COBOL programs
The basic elements are users, database applications, the DBMS and the database. A COBOL program is merely one possible way of writing an application - a language choice, not an element of the architecture.
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The DBMS that is most difficult to use is ________ .
Answer: D
Correct answer: Oracle Corporation's Oracle
Oracle is the hardest of the four to use, and for a reason: it is the most configurable and the most capable at scale, so it exposes far more to be administered - tablespaces, instances, tuning parameters. Access sits at the other end, easy to use and correspondingly limited.
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The relational database model was created by E.F. Codd.
Answer: A
Correct answer: True
E. F. Codd, at IBM, set out the relational model in his 1970 paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”. It replaced navigation through pointers with operations on sets of tuples, and every relational product since rests on it.
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A database is called "self-describing" because it contains a description of itself.
Answer: A
Correct answer: True
A database stores the definitions of its own structure - tables, columns, data types, keys, indexes - as metadata in system tables, right alongside the user data. That is what “self-describing” means, and it is why a tool can inspect an unfamiliar database without any external documentation.
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In a database, data is stored in spreadsheets which have rows and columns.
Answer: B
Correct answer: False
Data is stored in tables (relations), which have rows and columns. A spreadsheet also has rows and columns, but that resemblance is superficial: a table has a defined structure, typed columns, keys, and relationships to other tables, and is managed by a DBMS that enforces all of it.
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A database has data and relationships.
Answer: A
Correct answer: True
A database holds both the data and the relationships among it - which orders belong to which customer, which items to which order. Storing the relationships is precisely what distinguishes a database from a collection of separate files or spreadsheets.
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