Choose the correct alternative from the following.
Assertion (A) : We feel comfortable in hot and humid climate.
Reason (R) : Sweat evaporates faster in humid climate.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are false.
Humid air is already near saturation, so sweat evaporates more slowly, not faster - and since evaporation is what cools the body, hot humid weather feels oppressive. Both A and R are false.
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Assertion (A) : Mohammad-bin-Tughluq is called the 'wisest fool'.
Reason (R) : He had wise plans but implemented them foolishly.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Muhammad-bin-Tughluq’s schemes - the token currency, the transfer of the capital to Daulatabad, the Deccan campaigns - were imaginative in conception and disastrous in execution. That combination is exactly what earned him the name. Both are true and R explains A.
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Assertion (A) : Weeds should not be allowed to grow along with crops.
Reason (R) : Weeds leave no space for plants to grow.
Answer: C
Correct answer: A is true but R is false.
Weeds must be kept out of a crop, so A is true. But the reason given is not the real one: weeds do their damage by competing for water, nutrients and light and by sheltering pests, rather than merely by taking up room. R is false.
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Assertion (A) : Carbon dioxide turns lime water milky.
Reason (R) : Carbon dioxide sullies the water.
Answer: C
Correct answer: A is true but R is false.
Carbon dioxide does turn lime water milky, so A is true. But the milkiness is a precipitate of insoluble calcium carbonate: \[ \mathrm{Ca(OH)_2 + CO_2 \rightarrow CaCO_3 \downarrow + H_2O} \] not any “sullying” of the water. R is false.
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Assertion (A) : Diamond is used for cutting glass.
Reason (R) : Diamond has a high refractive index.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Diamond does cut glass and it does have a high refractive index, so both statements are true - but they are unconnected. Diamond cuts glass because it is the hardest natural substance; its refractive index is why it sparkles. R does not explain A.
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Assertion (A) : Telephone wires sag more in summer.
Reason (R) : They expand due to summer heat.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Metals expand when heated, so in summer the wire between two poles becomes slightly longer while the poles stay where they are - and the extra length can only go into a deeper sag. The expansion is exactly the cause. Both are true and R explains A.
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Assertion (A) : Eskimos reside in igloos.
Reason (R) : No other material except snow is available.
Answer: C
Correct answer: A is true but R is false.
Eskimos do build igloos of snow, so A is true. But the reason given is wrong: they also use driftwood, whalebone, stone and animal skins, and the igloo is a winter hunting shelter rather than the only thing they can build. R is false.
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Assertion (A) : India is a democratic country.
Reason (R) : India has a Constitution of its own.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Both statements are true, but having a constitution is not what makes a country democratic - many undemocratic states have one. India is a democracy because its constitution provides for universal adult suffrage and a government responsible to an elected legislature. R does not explain A.
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Assertion (A) : Pressure cookers are fitted with ebonite handles.
Reason (R) : Ebonite is strong.
Answer: C
Correct answer: A is true but R is false.
Pressure-cooker handles really are made of ebonite, so A is true. But the reason is that ebonite is a poor conductor of heat, so the handle stays cool enough to grip - not that it is strong. R is false as a description of the material’s relevant property.
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Assertion (A) : Water kept in earthen pots gets cooled in summer.
Reason (R) : Evaporation causes cooling.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
An earthen pot is porous, so water seeps slowly to the outside and evaporates there. Evaporation takes latent heat from whatever it leaves behind, so the water inside is cooled. The reason states exactly the mechanism. Both are true and R explains A.
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