How many options does a binary choice offer ?
Answer: B
Correct answer: Two
A binary choice is by definition between two possibilities - yes or no, on or off, 1 or 0 - which is why a single bit is enough to record one. That is the smallest unit of information there is.
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Data going into the computer is called __________
Answer: C
Correct answer: Input
Data being fed into the machine is input; what emerges after processing is output. The word describes the direction of travel, so it applies equally to a keystroke, a scanned image and a file read from disk.
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How many values can be represented by a single byte ?
Answer: D
Correct answer: 256
A byte is eight bits, and each bit can independently be 0 or 1, so the number of distinct patterns is \[ 2^8 = 256 \] - the values 0 to 255 if the byte is read as an unsigned number.
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What is the full form of ALU in a computer’s central processing unit ?
Answer: D
Correct answer: Arithmetic Logic Unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs the arithmetic and logical operations of the processor. It works alongside the control unit, which fetches and decodes instructions, and the registers, which hold the operands.
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A prescribed set of well-defined instructions for solving mathematical problems is called _______
Answer: D
Correct answer: an algorithm
An algorithm is a finite, ordered set of unambiguous steps that solves a problem or computes a result, each step being effective and the whole terminating. It is written before any code and can be expressed in words or a flowchart; a compiler is the program that translates the code that later implements it.
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Transformation of Input into output is performed by ____________
Answer: C
Correct answer: The CPU
Turning input into output is processing, and processing is the work of the central processing unit: it fetches the instructions, performs the arithmetic and logic in its ALU, and directs everything else through its control unit. Memory holds the data and peripherals move it in and out.
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For creating a document, you use ______________ command at File Menu.
Answer: B
Correct answer: New
File → New creates a fresh, empty document to work in. Open loads a document that already exists, Save writes the current one to disk, and Close puts it away.
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What is equipment used to capture information and commands ?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Input device
An input device is what captures information and commands and passes them into the machine - a keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone or touch screen. Output devices present results, storage devices retain them, and communication devices carry them between machines.
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_____________ contains specific rules and words that express the logical steps of an algorithm.
Answer: B
Correct answer: programming language
A programming language supplies the vocabulary and the grammatical rules in which an algorithm’s steps are written so that a machine can carry them out. Syntax is the set of rules alone, without the words; a flowchart shows the logic as a picture rather than as statements.
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The physical components of a computer system __________
Answer: B
Correct answer: hardware
Hardware is the physical part of the system - everything that can be touched: the processor, memory, disks, keyboard, monitor and the boards and cables that join them. Software is the instructions those parts execute, and the control unit and ALU are two components inside the processor.
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